Monday, July 22, 2013

Science and Religion Argumentative Paper



 
            One of the greatest scientists of the 20th century, Albert Einstein said, “Science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind.”  The parallels between science and religion are growing progressively closer together the more knowledge is acquired by scientists and is accepted by theologians.  An important point to remember when comparing and contrasting the two is the idea that truth is homogeneous.  And, with the more recent breakthroughs in the discipline of quantum physics and the discovery of 'the God particle’, the Higgs Boson, God, the Creator Source, is proven to exist by a consistently evolving discovery. 

            “Science employs laws and relationships that describe a mechanistic universe.  Theology defers to the realm of the intentional – God has motives that can be described by agents acting out narratives”  (Levine, 2008).  Contemporary scientists once did not speculate that the earth revolves around the sun, but instead now they understand the earth’s position in the galaxy and why the seasons change as they do.

            Religion is defined as people's beliefs and opinions concerning the existence, nature, and worship of a deity or deities, and divine involvement in the universe and human life.  Various religions differ on many levels but agree on the basic ethical principles such as the Golden Rule of ‘do unto others as you would have them do unto you’ or ‘love your neighbor as yourself.’  Religion deals with desire and its intentions.  The scale weighing judgment and mercy is the cause and effect of egoism or altruism, reception and bestowal.  Loving yourself is receiving.  Loving your neighbor is sharing.  Loving your neighbor as yourself is receiving for the sake of sharing.  (Berg, 2006)  That sort of circuity is akin to the mechanics of a light bulb.  When a light bulb becomes bright, it means the filament is present.  A filament in a light bulb represents a resisting of a direct connection of (+) and (-).  A direct connection represents desire for the self alone.  It creates a momentary burst of light followed by darkness.

            In an analogy, we can define God as the attribute of bestowal.  With the sun being the original representative of God, giving life to all earth creatures, it is an accurate comparison, because that was from a time before religion.  The paradigm in mysticism, esoteric knowledge, and a scientific, methodological similarity is between what is proven true about when a light bulb shines or bursts and also how atoms form molecules or disintegrate.  Atoms form molecules by sharing electrons.  Electrons represent the desire to receive.  Mutual reception creates vessels of bestowal.  When receiving is for the sake of sharing, if electrons never disconnect, immortality is achieved.  All atoms are immortal, they just switch molecular compositions, thus creating a basis for scientific research of the afterlife.

            When in the thesis of this paper, I stated that truth is homogeneous, it means that there is absolute truth.  Certainty is achieved through awareness.  It can be called so with observational representationalism, or projections from a branch of philosophy based on “the view that phenomenal consciousness can be explained in terms of the intentional features of experience”  (Gennaro, 2008).  This means that even what cannot be felt by the senses can potentially be validated through individual perceptiveness.  Proof is in witnessing individual actions and states of being affecting the environment, or, as Descarte’s cogito so aptly puts it, “I think, therefore I am.”  Yes, you do exist.  You can tell this to certainly be true, because you are reading this and it creates a reaction.  The God of the Bible told Moses to refer to Him as YHVH, which translates as “I am who I am.”

            So, where does this put religion in society?  Can the myriad of personal convictions be tied back to any verifiable scientific evidence?  Scientists learn about the theory of evolution by natural selection.  Do these two not void any necessary belief about First Cause (God)?  In stark contrast, “according to the creationist view, God produced humans fully formed, with no previous related species.  But what if evolution is God's tool?  Darwin never said anything about God.  Many scientists—and theologians—maintain that it would be perfectly logical to think that a divine being used evolution as a method to create the world”  (Lovgren, 2004). 

            “Being is a type of consciousness writ large of which we have experience and knowledge because we are participants in it”  (Bachyrycz, Launiger, Wilfred, 2004).  We ought to use the shared experience of living to form a epistemological affluence for the purpose of repairing the world.  When mankind aligns definitions between science and religion by merit of the rules of grammar and value ethics, conflict will be rare if not extinct.  The human being will always be however curious.  The process of deciding what is true is a reasonable blueprint by which I, and other people who take claim to certainty, give answers the questions “why”.  The question of how is much more difficult to satisfy.  “If a person believes that if one lives in accord with one's faith that he will be rewarded with eternal life, should he be able to say why?  If a biologist argues that evolution offers the most compelling account of the variety of species on earth, is it also part of that biologist's responsibility to defend that claim, and offer the strongest arguments one can to justify it?”  (Mosser, 2010).

            In conclusion, science and religion observe the same truth, since truth is homogeneous; they see it through different lenses--intellect and emotion.  Beliefs are founded upon emotions.  There are no scientific beliefs, because the word ‘belief’ implies a possibility of doubt.  If science remains theory only, then it is apparently tied to some emotional bias.  When science and religion meet with similar observances, it is called being lucid.  One way to get lucid is through language.  “The philosophy of language investigates the role language plays in human understanding and behavior.  It explores how people are able to communicate with each other, what assumptions must be made to understand adequately that communication, and why there are fundamental difficulties, on occasion, in our understanding each other.  At its most abstract, philosophy of language seeks to show how our understanding of the world is fundamentally connected to the language we use to describe and explain that world, in order to clarify philosophical claims and philosophical puzzles"  (Mosser, 2010).  It is my understanding that God is a verb.  A verb is an action or state of being.  The nouns that this verb, love, describes is matter which exists as dense projections of consciousness.  The God that religion is an ode to and the evidence science seeks as an explanation is the measurement of that symmetrical, conscious movement, one in the same.















References

Bachyrycz, D., Lauinger, B., & Wilfried, V. E. (2004). Hegel's god: A counterfeit double? The Review of Metaphysics, 57(3), 616-617. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/223365597?accountid=32521

Gennaro, R. J.  (2008).  Representationalism, Peripheral Awareness, and the Transparency of Experience.   University of Southern Indiana.  Retrieved from:  http://www.usi.edu/libarts/phil/gennaro/papers/repperiph.pdf

Levine, S.  (2008).  Darwin vs. Dogma: Can Science and Religion be Reconciled?  Yale Scientific.  Retrieved from:  http://www.yalescientific.org/2008/12/darwin-vs-dogma-can-science-and-religion-be-reconciled/

Lovgren, S  (2004).  Evolution and Religion Can Coexist, Scientists Say.  National Geographic News.  Retrieved from:  http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/1018_041018_science_religion.html

Mosser, K. (2010). A concise introduction to philosophy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Saturday, July 20, 2013

PHI208 discussion: Proof of God's Existence

Monday, July 8, 2013

PHI208--The Limits of Skepticism

PHI208


Can a person be skeptical about everything, or are there limits? Is it possible to doubt everything or almost everything? Does a person have an obligation to use ethical and moral reasoning when examining ones beliefs. Are there beliefs you possess that cannot be challenged or shown to be false? How might the skeptic respond to your claim that such a belief cannot be doubted? Identify one such specific belief and present your response to the skeptic. (If you don't have such a belief, explain how one could live while not accepting any claim as true.)


How does one know something is true?  Is there evidence that anything is absolute?

“A well–known doctrine among philosophers is called solipsism; the idea that, for an individual, the only thing that exists in the world is the mind of that individual. On this view, the only thing you have access to is your own mind and its contents. This would mean everything—your body, everyone else, the stars and planets, what you had for lunch, everything—is simply a projection of your own mind. ”  (Mosser, 2010).

The skeptic would say certainty is a limited or rare, if not an impossible attainment by which one could thereby not question the existence of anything.  If you are for one reason or another thinking that something is not true, you are still analyzing that “something”.   I know that I exist, because the reactions I create always impact the world around me.
I have a view that is the opposite of skepticism, which sort of inverts to what the text calls “"absolute gullibility," where one believes that everything is true”  (Mosser, 2010).
 
I actually connect everything with how it is related to me, or as Descarte said, “I think, therefore I am."  “We saw his claim that when he thinks, he knows he exists, was a claim that had to be accepted as true and undeniable. But that seems quite different, and conceptually far away, from our being able to accept the reports of our senses.”   (Mosser 2010)
Here is a good place to mention a sixth sense.

To quote Rav Michael Laitman of Bnei Baruch, “All of the worlds, upper and lower and this world exists within us. . .  we perceive everything.  to say, we exists because of our inner properties.  There is nothing outside of us.  We, as scientists have proven, see an inverted vision.  It’s that same inverted vision that causes us to see things as outside of us.  It’s just my impression (my ego) that makes me think that the world is outside of me.”
“Now, I sense myself and the world around me which is full of people.  There will come a time when beside this world,  I will also sense begin to sense and see other worlds.  Let’s say that some additional sense will open up for me.  Later, I begin to improve my perception. . .   then, I will know and feel that it‘s all actually part of me.“

That is, my perception projects an environment, so how and what I perceive as reality has personal relevance, and therefore is true .  It’s the epitome of objectivity.

Of course ethics and moral reasoning are necessary for co-creation, because life is an opportunity to connect.  Uncouth behavior is a disconnection.  “To the extent that souls connect, the worlds disappear.  There are between me and the Creator, some sort of filters called the worlds.  To the extent that I connect with other souls, I elevate above the worlds, and I attain a state in which I am above them, meaning they enter me.”

The skeptic might doubt the existence of a Creator Source, to which I will suggest that God is a Verb, the attribute of pure bestowal, and if there is something to be certain about, sharing creates.  Of course, if the skeptic could point out that the majority of much I perceive is a disconnection to which I would just say touché.






References

Mosser, K. (2010). A concise introduction to philosophy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Laitman, Michael (n.d). . Kabbalah and Our Perception of Reality.  Uploaded on Aug 27, 2006 by ARIfilms, retrieved July 3, 2012 by Joshua Haltom

RE: The Limits of Skepticism, I am
  

Solipism is an acute awareness of surroundings,because if one is never skeptical of oneself, they are more intuitive.  The negative part you shared is also true.  All theories of knowledge must co-exist, and no one should ever dismiss any of them that are ethical.

The God particle was discovered just a few years ago.  It is called the Higgs Bosson.  The thing is considered by scientist "to be what gave mass to matter as the universe cooled after the Big Bang."  However, you can never prove something is right, you can only ever prove something is wrong."All we can do is rule out more and more alternatives." – AFP  (n.d.).


Reference

http://mg.co.za/article/2013-07-02-could-this-boson-be-the-god-particle/




RE: The Limits of Skepticism, I am Instructor Stern Email this Author 7/8/2013 1:59:12 PM

The subject is what the objective is about.  Both subject and object are both nouns and verbs.  To subject something to be subjected is like a proposition.  Subject and object are like the prepositions 'to' and 'for'.  There is the verbs 'is' and 'am'.  There are many grammatical or logical ways to address what you pointed out.  It all depends on perspective. 

I will end this article with a quote from an article written by an agnostic atheist:

"The idea of truth as objective is simply that no matter what we believe to be the case, some things will always be true and other things will always be false. Our beliefs, whatever they are, have no bearing on the facts of the world around us. That which is true is always true — even if we stop believing it and even if we stop existing at all." 
(Cline, n.d)

Followed by another quote of RaMChaL:

"The entire Wisdom of Truth (çëîú äàîú, Chochmat Ha-Emet, the Kabbalah) comes only to demonstrate the truth of Faith (àîåðä, Emunah). It comes to explain how all the created realms and beings and everything that happens in the universe all emerge from the Supreme Will (äøöåï äòìéåï, HaRatzon HaElyon). It shows how everything is governed in the right way by the One God, blessed be He, to bring the entire cycle of creation to complete perfection in the end. The component details of this wisdom provide detailed understanding of all the laws and processes by which the universe is governed."
  (Luzzato, 2003)




Cline, A (n.d.). 

Objective Truth

Is Something True Regardless of What We Believe?

Retrieved from http://atheism.about.com/od/philosophyepistemology/a/ObjectiveTruth.htm

Luzzatto, M.  (2003).  138 Openings of Wisdom.  Azamra Institute.  Retrieved from  http://azamra.org/Kabbalah/Openings/001.htm




The Limits of Skepticism
The term “skeptic” originally meant someone who looked at things, however in time its definition changed and is now used to describe a person who doubted various kinds of claims (Mosser, 2010).  Skeptics question everything, that in itself is not totally bad but it can really limit an individual for he or she would not be able to grow as a person.  Most people their own strong personal beliefs. I believe that everything happens for a reason and nothing happens incidentally.  Skeptics should have some limit to their skepticism for they have to believe something is accurate but they simply want to judge the reality of the belief.  Moral and ethical reasoning should be a must when examining someone’s beliefs.  Both bring significant characteristics in the decision making process and can be used to obtain the most correct answer in situations (Rainbow, 2002).  A skeptic may respond to my belief that everything happens for a reason by arguing with me.  He or she might list horrible events, such as the attacks of 9/11, and ask if it was right all that destruction occurred.  My response would be to reiterate the fact that those events still happened for a reason.  It may not be a reason I like or agree with but it was someone’s reason nevertheless. Even though skepticism may be a hassle at times, it is used to evaluate claims for flaws, mistakes, and inaccuracies which lessen the potential that we will believe something that is not true (Hill, 2013). 
Hill, S, (2013) Media Guide to Skepticism. Doubtful News. Retrieved from:  www.doubtfulnews.com/media-guide-to-skepticism/
Mosser, K. (2010). A Concise Introduction to Philosophy. San Diego, CA:  Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
Rainbow, C. (2002). Descriptions of Ethical Theories and Principles. Department of Biology, Davidson College.  Retrieved from: 



Your post gave grandeur  to Skepticism.  As the article from doubtfulnews you shared states, If a claim is true, it "is important and extraordinary. So, it would be fitting to apply Skepticism to this claim"  (Hill, 2013).

It's a strange way that a word or idea can be watered down through translation.  It's like the game of "broken telephone" where one person whispers to the next and what you end up with is less than the message meant to begin.  It's really a good thing for truth.  A declaration that goes without rebuttal cannot be proven.  And, it isn't enough to simply say "I doubt that", Skepticism needs reproval.  The solipist, who is the most, almost belittled form of epistemology, must to be sure, doubt the doubt and, as you mention, trust that everything happens for a reason, then, take that reason and receive correction from it.

We are all works in progress in the same world and living under the same sky, we must unite, and skepticism should not be thought of as offensive.  It ought to be readily welcomed and appreciated.


"Bothersome, it may be.  To the naked eye, nothing is free, but the burden of proof may take more than a lifetime to see."
Apex Theory -- Apposibly (C) 2002


Reference

Hill, S, (2013) Media Guide to Skepticism. Doubtful News. Retrieved from:  www.doubtfulnews.com/media-guide-to-skepticism/
Music video by The Apex Theory performing Apossibly. (C) 2002 Geffen Records


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